Statistical Functions

This function returns the rank of a value (alpha) in a dataset as a percentage, ranging from 0 to 1 (exclusive). Syntax: PERCENTRANK.EXC(array; x; [significance]) Arguments: array(required): The array or range of numeric data that defines the relative positions. x(required): The

This function returns the rank of a value (alpha) as a percentage. It can be used to evaluate the relative position of a value within a dataset. For example, you can use PERCENTRANK() to assess the standing of an aptitude test score

Returns the alpha quantile (a threshold value) of a dataset, where alpha is a decimal between 0 and 1. This helps identify cutoff points (e.g., « Top 20% of sales »). Syntax: PERCENTILE(array; alpha) Arguments: array (required) – The dataset (numeric range) to analyze. alpha (required) – The

Returns the Pearson correlation coefficient (*r*), a dimensionless value between –1.0 and 1.0 that quantifies the linear relationship between two datasets. Syntax: PEARSON(array1; array2) Arguments: array1 (required) – Independent variable (*x*) values. array2 (required) – Dependent variable (*y*) values. Background: Interpretation of *r*: +1: Perfect positive linear correlation.

This function returns the z-value (quantile) of the standard normal distribution (mean = 0, standard deviation = 1) for a given cumulative probability. Syntax: NORM.S.INV(probability) Arguments: probability (required) – A cumulative probability (0 < p < 1) associated with the standard normal distribution. Background: The NORM.S.INV() function is

This function returns the probability (either cumulative or density) for a given z-value in the standard normal distribution (mean = 0, standard deviation = 1). It eliminates the need for traditional statistical tables. Syntax: NORM.S.DIST(z ; cumulative) Arguments: z (required) – The quantile (standardized value) for which

This function returns the quantile (inverse of the cumulative distribution) of a normal distribution for a given probability, mean, and standard deviation. Syntax: NORMINV(probability; mean; standard_dev) Arguments: probability (required) – A probability value (0 ≤ *p* ≤ 1) associated with the normal distribution. mean (required) –

This function returns the normal distribution for a specified average value and standard deviation. It has broad applications in statistics, including hypothesis testing. Syntax. NORM.DIST(x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative) Arguments x (required): The distribution value (quantile) for which you want to

This function returns the probability of a negatively binomial-distributed random variable. NEGBINOM.DIST() calculates the probability that there will be number_f failures before the number_s-th success occurs, given a constant probability of success probability_s. Syntax  NEGBINOM.DIST(number_f; number_s; probability_s) Arguments number_f (required):

Returns the most frequently occurring value in a dataset. If multiple values have the same highest frequency, it returns the first one encountered. Syntax MODE.SNGL(number1; [number2]; …) Arguments number1 (required): First number, cell reference, or range number2,… (optional): Additional values/ranges Key Features

The MINA function returns the smallest value in a dataset, evaluating: Numbers Text representations of numbers Logical values (TRUE/FALSE) Syntax MINA(value1; [value2]; …) Arguments Argument Requirement Description value1 Required First value, cell reference, or range value2,… Optional Additional values/ranges (1-255

Returns the smallest numeric value from a set of arguments. Syntax MIN(number1; [number2]; …) Arguments number1 (required): First number, cell reference, or range number2,… (optional): Additional values/ranges Background Works identically to MAX() but returns minimum instead of maximum value Ignores empty cells,

Returns the middle value of a numeric dataset when sorted in ascending order. Exactly half of the data points will be greater than the median, and half will be less than the median. Syntax MEDIAN(number1; [number2]; …) Arguments number1 (required): First

Returns the largest value from a set of arguments, evaluating both numerical and non-numerical data types (including logical values and text representations of numbers). Syntax MAXA(value1; [value2]; …) Arguments value1 (required): First value, cell reference, or range to evaluate value2,… (optional): Additional

This function returns the largest value from a set of arguments. Syntax: MAX(number1; [number2]; …) Arguments: number1 (required): First number, cell reference, or range to evaluate number2,… (optional): Additional numbers, references, or ranges Key Features: Data Handling: Accepts numbers, empty cells, logical